Archipelago Sea Area

Situated in the Province of Turku and Pori in south-western Finland, this biosphere reserve comprises terrestrial and marine habitats, including coniferous forests, wood meadows, heaths, rocky meadows, rocky or sandy islets, arable land, seashores and open sea. It represents a coastal environment of small islands in the Baltic Sea. Island societies are small in scale, and people who have lived there for generations maintain close contact with the sea and nature. Traditional livelihoods such as fishing and agriculture are becoming less profitable, and the population has declined markedly since the beginning of the last century.

Ecological Characteristics

Special habitats include old-growth forest, cultural landscapes, moors, herb-rich forests and marine seagrass meadows, which have a patchy distribution. The mosaic archipelago consists of 6,500 islands larger than 0.5 ha and is unique worldwide. Post-glacial land uplift is a key factor shaping the archipelago’s topography and scenery; the current rate is four to five millimetres per year. The bedrock in the Archipelago Sea area is a remnant of the ancient Svecofennides mountain chain and forms a peneplain, consisting mainly of granite, gneiss and schist, with small, local limestone occurrences.
 

Socio-Economics Characteristics

The Archipelago Sea National Park, which forms the core area of the biosphere reserve, differs from other Finnish national parks in that it includes traditional landscapes with grazing and hay-cutting, as well as fishing and hunting. It was established to protect the natural environment and culture of the Archipelago Sea, to safeguard traditional ways of using natural resources, to protect a living community, and to promote environmental research and interest in nature. With the establishment of the biosphere reserve, a buffer zone and transition area now surround the national park, supporting the sustainable development of the Archipelago Sea area.

Key Data

Country: Finland
Area: Approx. 5,400 km²
Population: Approx. 3,650 inhabitants